Crypto has spent more than a decade on the edge of mainstream investing, cast either as a technological revolution or a speculative distraction. According to a new T. Rowe Price research report titled “Crypto edges into the mainstream,” that debate has shifted.

Key Takeaways:

• T. Rowe Price research favors sizing diverse crypto exposure deliberately over chasing single tokens.
• A 2.5% bitcoin allocation added 7% of a 60/40 portfolio’s five-year risk.
• Active management, not passive indexes, can better track crypto’s fast-moving networks.

The practical question now is not whether crypto belongs in a portfolio, but where it fits and how to build exposure.

Most investor interest in the asset class has flowed into single-token products tied to bitcoin or, more recently, ethereum, according to the report. T. Rowe Price argues that this approach offers only a partial view of a broader, fast-moving ecosystem.

The firm points to diversified, active management as a more complete framework for advisors building an allocation. That approach is embodied in the T. Rowe Price Active Crypto ETF (TKNZ).

See more: T. Rowe Price Launches First Active Multi-Token Spot Crypto ETP TKNZ

Bitcoin increasingly behaves like a macro asset rather than a technology platform, the report noted. Its fixed supply, decentralized governance and now-lengthy track record have prompted more frequent comparisons with gold. The analogy remains imperfect, according to the report.

Interest in the category has grown quickly. Assets under management across digital asset exchange-traded products have climbed sharply since 2021, per the report, which cited ETF Action data. Bitcoin and ethereum products have drawn the bulk of those inflows, relative to other single token and multi-token index strategies.

Beyond bitcoin, the report described a wider ecosystem of competing networks that behave more like technology platforms than monetary assets. That ecosystem spans payments, decentralized finance, tokenization and computing infrastructure. As it has broadened, bitcoin’s share of total crypto market value has declined.

“Treating crypto as synonymous with bitcoin risks overlooking where much of the innovation and value creation is occurring,” said Chris Murphy, T. Rowe Price’s head of ETF specialists.

Sizing A Crypto Allocation

When adding crypto to a traditional portfolio, position sizing matters more than timing, the report found. Small allocations can shape a portfolio’s risk profile without dominating it.

A 2.5% allocation to bitcoin, for example, would represent 7% of the overall risk in a traditional 60/40 stock-bond portfolio. That’s based on five-year standard deviation, according to T. Rowe Price’s modeling.

That allocation should come from equities or growth-oriented alternatives rather than bonds, per Thomas Casperite, the firm’s head of portfolio construction specialists.

“Investors typically source exposure from equities or from a growth-oriented alternatives allocation, where the risk profile is more comparable,” Casperite said. Funding crypto from fixed income, the report warned, would distort a portfolio’s overall risk.

Modeling from 2014 through 2025 showed a 2.5% bitcoin allocation lifted a 60/40 portfolio’s five-year annualized return, the report said. Even with that small 2.5% allocation, the analysis showed a portfolio’s overall return rising from 7.76% to 8.64%.

Over a 10-year window, that same allocation would have pushed returns from 9.57% to 12%.

Why Active Managers Have an Edge in Crypto

Crypto markets trade around the clock and shift fast, demanding constant judgment about network security, decentralization and how value accrues to token holders, the report said.

Passive, index-based strategies lack the flexibility needed to keep pace in such a fast-moving asset class, according to the report.

Active managers, by contrast, can rotate capital away from fading networks and toward emerging infrastructure as the landscape shifts, according to the report.

That flexibility underpins the design of TKNZ, the firm’s new actively managed spot ETF. TKNZ offers direct exposure to a curated basket of tokens, including bitcoin, ethereum, XRP, solana, and more.

Blue Macellari, T. Rowe Price’s head of digital assets, leads TKNZ alongside four co-portfolio managers. She framed the challenge facing advisors and their clients simply. “Investors need a framework for assessing what crypto is,” Macellari said.

Ten years out, a 10% bitcoin allocation would have lifted the 60/40 portfolio’s annualized return to 18.96%, per the report. That allocation was funded entirely from equities. That’s nearly double the 9.57% returned by stocks and bonds alone.

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